Effect of site, propagule type, family and paclobutrazol application on tree height
2 林址、繁殖体类型、家系以及施用多效唑对树高的影响

Statistical evaluation revealed that the factors SITE, PBZ, PROPAGULE and the SITE x PBZ interaction exerted a highly significant (P < 0.01) effect on tree height at five years after establishment (Table 6).
统计评估结果显示，种植五年后，SITE（林址）、PBZ（施用多效唑）、 PROPAGULE（繁殖体类型）以及SITE（林址）x PBZ（施用多效唑）交互作用等因素对树高产生了显著的影响（见表6）。

In the interaction of SITE x PBZ, tree height diminished as MAT decreased (Table 7). At the warmest site, Gowan Brae, trees grew tallest, whether paclobutrazol-treated or non-treated. In untreated trees, mean tree height was reduced by one third, by six metres, with a reduction in MAT of the sites by only 2.6°C (Table 7). Between the second coldest site, Blyfstaanhoogte, and the coldest site, Tentkop, no significant difference in tree height of untreated trees was found. However, comparing tree height between sites for the paclobutrazol- treated trees revealed significant differences between all four sites, with a reduction of tree height by 44% between the warmest and the coldest site.
在SITE（林址）x PBZ（施用多效唑）的交互作用中，树高随着MAT(年平均温度)的下降而减小（见表7）。在Gowan Brae这个最温暖林址，无论是否施用多效唑，植株生长得都是最高的。未经多效唑处理的植株，在林址的MAT只降低了2.6°C的情况下，平均树高就减少了三分之一，即减少了6米（见表7）。在最寒冷的林址Tentkop与位居第二的林址Blyfstaanhoogte之间，未经处理的植株没有明显的树高差别。然而，在经过多效唑处理的林址之间做树高的对比，我们发现，所有4个林址之间差别明显，从最温暖到最寒冷林址，树高减少了44%。

Separate t-tests (Steel and Torrie 1981) for each site showed that paclobutrazol application significantly (p < 0.05) reduced tree height at the warmest and coldest sites (Gowan Brae and Tentkop respectively), but not at the two intermediate sites (Mossbank and Blyfstaanhoogte) (Table 7).
就每一个林址分开进行的t-实验(Steel and Torrie 1981)表明，施用多效唑使得树高有显著 (p < 0.05)差别是发生在最温暖和最寒冷林址（分别是Gowan Brae 和Tentkop）之间，而并非中间的两个林址之间(Mossbank and Blyfstaanhoogte) (见表7)。

Table 6: Wald-statistics and calculated F-test values for fixed
effects in the across-site analysis of variance for tree height at
five years of age
Fixed term Wald-statistic df Fcalc
SITE 177.1 3 59.0***
FAMILY 3.7 3 1.23
PBZ 39.4 1 39.4***
PROPAGULE 37.4 1 37.4***
SITE x FAMILY 13.4 9 1.49
SITE x PBZ 23.2 3 7.73***
FAMILY x PBZ 0.7 3 0.23
SITE x PROPAGULE 6.2 3 2.07
FAMILY x PROPAGULE 3.1 3 1.03
PBZ x PROPAGULE 1.1 1 1.1
SITE x FAMILY x PBZ 10.9 9 1.21
SITE x FAMILY x PROPAGULE 11.4 9 1.27
SITE x PBZ x PROPAGULE 0.9 3 0.3
FAMILY x PBZ x PROPAGULE 3.7 3 1.23
SITE x FAMILY x PBZ x PROPAGULE 7.1 9 0.79
*** significant at P < 0.01
表6：五年树龄植株树高方差全址分析中固定的影响Wald-统计数字与F-实验计算值
固定项                                                  Wald-统计数字    df      F-实验计算值
林址                                                          177.1                  3          59.0***
家系                                                          3.7                      3            1.23
施用多效唑                                              39.4                    1          39.4***
繁殖体                                                      37.4                    1          37.4***
林址x家系                                                13.4                    9            1.49
林址x施用多效唑                                    23.2                    3            7.73***
家系x施用多效唑                                    0.7                      3            0.23
林址x繁殖体                                            6.2                    3            2.07
家系x繁殖体                                            3.1                      3            1.03
施用多效唑x繁殖体                                1.1                      1            1.1
林址x家系x施用多效唑                          10.9                    9            1.21
林址x家系x繁殖体                                  11.4                    9            1.27
林址x施用多效唑x繁殖体                      0.9                      3            0.3
家系x施用多效唑x繁殖体                      3.7                      3            1.23
林址x家系x施用多效唑x繁殖体              7.1                    9            0.79
*** P < 0.01时显著的值


Table 7: Mean tree height (metres) at five years of age for the SITE x PBZ interaction
Paclobutrazol treatment
SITE 0.00g paclobutrazol 0.25g paclobutrazol difference between means MAT (°C)
per cm b.s.c. ‡ per cm b.s.c ‡
Gowan Brae 18.11a‡ 14.64a‡ 3.47** 15.2
Mossbank 14.28b 13.00b 1.28 14.0
Blyfstaanhoogte 11.93c 11.97c 0.04 13.2
Tentkop 12.16c 8.20d 3.96** 12.6
‡ within this column, values followed by the same letter are not significantly different (P < 0.05)
** significant at P < 0.05
表7：SITE（林址）x PBZ（施用多效唑）交互作用下五年树龄平均树高（米）
                                                              多效唑处理
林址                                0.00g多效唑（参照标准）    0.25g多效唑        平均树高差        MAT年平均温度(°C)
                                        per cm b.s.c. ‡                      per cm b.s.c ‡
Gowan Brae                  18.11a‡                                  14.64a‡                3.47**                    15.2
Mossbank                      14.28b                                    13.00b                  1.28                        14.0
Blyfstaanhoogte            11.93c                                    11.97c                    0.04                      13.2
Tentkop                          12.16c                                    8.20d                    3.96**                    12.6
‡此栏内后面同是带有本符号的数值之间差别不明显(P < 0.05)
**P < 0.05时明显的差别

支持楼主的辛勤努力，在此基础上，添加其他文献，肯定是一篇不错的综述，呵呵！

惭愧啊，随着翻译的推进，发现前面犯的许多大小错误！
改，第一时间就改！
谢谢各位捧场，还望多多指教！

Floral bud production
3 花芽萌发
Effect of site, propagule type, family and paclobutrazol application on floral bud production
1）林址、繁殖体类型、家系以及施用多效唑对花芽萌发的影响
The first umbels were recorded on grafted trees in 1999, three years after planting (Table 8). On seedling trees, however, no umbels were found prior to 2000 (four years after planting), and then, only on paclobutrazol treated trees. Blyfstaanhoogte was, however, an exception, as floral production was evident on both propagule types during 2000, whether treated with paclobutrazol or not. At all sites, the percentage of seedling trees bearing one or more umbels increased steadily from 1999 to 2001, whether paclobutrazol had been applied or not.
1999年，即种植3年后，嫁接植株上首个伞状花序被记录下来。然而在2000年（种植4年后）以前，实生植株上没有花序产生；且该年产生的也仅仅在经过多效唑处理的植株上。林址Blyfstaanhoogte却是个例外，2000年间，不管是否施用过多效唑，两种繁殖体的植株上都明显观察到花芽萌发。从1999年到2001年，不管是否施用过多效唑，所有林址产生一个或以上花序的实生植株的百分比稳步上升。
A similar trend was found for the grafted trees, with the exception of 2000, when at Tentkop and Mossbank no trees with umbels were recorded, although in the previous year umbels were found on 13.3% and 2.2% of the trees, respectively. With the exception of Blyfstaanhoogte, very few seedling trees, whether untreated or paclobutrazol-treated, produced flower buds before five years (floral response year 2001). At all sites in all years of assessment, the number of seedling trees bearing umbels was less than that of grafted trees (Table 8). By five years, all seedlings at all sites had reached the adult vegetative phase, as indicated by the morphological characteristics of the foliage. (Pryor (1976) provides a detailed insight into the heteroblastic nature of eucalypts). Generally though, the colder the site (based on MAT), the less advanced was the state of transition from juvenile to adult foliage in the seedlings.
嫁接植株产生了类似的趋势，但2000年例外，这一年里，林址Tentkop和Mossbank都没有记录到伞状花序，尽管1999年它们分别有13.3%和2.2%的植株产生了花序。不管是否施用过多效唑，极少实生植株在五年树龄前产生花芽(花应答年份 2001)，林址Blyfstaanhoogte除外。评价所有林址所有年份，产生花序的实生植株数目比嫁接植株少(见表8)。到了五年，叶子形态特征显示，所有林址的所有实生植株都已经达到成体阶段。(Pryor (1976)提供了关于桉树异形胚芽性质的详细研究)。然而总的来看，越是冷凉的林址（以MAT(年平均温度)为准），实生植株从幼体到成体的转变就越是滞后。
At Tentkop, at four years, four out of 15 paclobutrazol-treated seedlings of family 37255 (Tallaganda provenance) (Table 1) produced umbels whilst still vegetatively juvenile. One year later, the same trees, as well as several other paclobutrazol-treated seedlings of families 32091 (Barren Mt.) and 34838 (Barrington Tops), produced umbels on vegetatively juvenile portions of tree crowns (Gardner 2003). The phenomenon of flowers being produced by vegetatively juvenile plants is not an uncommon feature of eucalypts (Pryor 1985), though in species such as E. nitens and E. globulus, this phenomenon appears rare and highly circumstantial (Moncur 1998, Williams et al. 1999).
在第4年的林址Tentkop，家系37255 (Tallaganda 种源) (见表1)的实生植株每15株里有4株尚在幼体阶段就产生了花序。1年后，这些植株与家系32091 (Barren Mt.)以及家系34838 (Barrington Tops)经过多效唑处理的许多植株在树冠的幼体部位产生花序(Gardner 2003)。尽管对于亮果桉和蓝桉而言，在植株幼体产生花序的现象罕见且要求的条件很高(Moncur 1998, Williams et al. 1999)，但这却是桉树常见的特性(Pryor 1985)。
Umbel score per tree at five years after planting (CROP _2001) was significantly (P < 0.01) influenced by site (SITE), either alone or in combination with certain other factors (Table 9). The sites ranked from lowest to highest umbel score per tree (logarithmic transformation) were Gowan Brae (0.0967), Mossbank (0.2468), Tentkop (0.3018) and Blyfstaanhoogte (0.4515). The FAMILY x PROPAGULE interaction was also highly significant (P < 0.01) (Table 9), with a change in rank ordering of families between the two propagules taking place. Family 34838 (refer Table 1) ranked first amongst the grafts with 0.6073 umbels per tree, but ranked only third amongst the seedlings with 0.1524 umbels per tree. Family 37255 ranked poorest amongst the grafts with 0.1569 umbels per tree but first amongst the seedlings with 0.2404 umbels per tree. These results reinforce existing knowledge of the presence of considerable within-family variation, on the basis of precocity, in the South African E. nitens breeding population (Swain 2001, Jones 2002).
种植后5年每个植株的伞状花序产量(CROP _2001)受到林址(SITE)明显的(P < 0.01)影响，或作为单一因素，或与其他特定因素相结合（见表9）。按每个植株的花序产量（对数转换）由最低到最高对林址进行排列如下：Gowan Brae (0.0967), Mossbank (0.2468), Tentkop (0.3018) and Blyfstaanhoogte (0.4515)。家系x繁殖体交互作用的影响也非常明显(P < 0.01)（见表9），使得两种繁殖体之间家系排序产生改变。家系34838（见表1）以0.6073名列嫁接植株前矛，却以0.1524仅排在实生植株的第三位。家系37255虽以0.1524名落嫁接植株孙山，却以0.2404排在实生植株第一位。这些结果巩固了现有的关于南非亮果桉繁育种群在家系内存在可观的早熟变异的知识(Swain 2001, Jones 2002)。

Table 8: Percentage of trees with umbels at three, four and five years after planting
Trial Floral response year Seedlings Grafts Chilling Portions for
0.00g 0.25g 0.00g 0.25g the period 01 April to
PBZ/ cm b.s.c. PBZ/cm b.s.c. PBZ/ cm b.s.c. PBZ/ cm b.s.c. 30 September (CP_1)
Gowan Brae 1999 0 (0) 0 (0) 8.53 (2.2) 11.97 (4.3) 48.6
2000 0 (0) 22.87 (15.1) 10.47 (3.3) 17.05 (8.6) 42.8
2001 16.32 (7.9) 32.96 (29.6) 19.46 (11.1) 30.98 (26.5) 59.3
Mossbank 1999 0 (0) 0 (0) 8.53 (2.2) 11.39 (3.9) 60.5
2000 0 (0) 16.64 (8.2) 0 (0) 21.39 (13.3) 55.3
2001 8.33 (2.1) 32.52 (28.9) 15.89 (7.5) 56.17 (69.0) 80.0
Blyfstaan-hoogte 1999 0 (0) 0 (0) 17.85 (9.4) 26.85 (20.4) 72.0
2000 30.00 (25.0) 30.07 (25.1) 47.87 (55.0) 49.31 (57.5) 96.5
2001 44.83 (49.7) 43.97 (48.2) 53.37 (64.4) 61.41 (77.1) 100.9
Tentkop 1999 0 (0) 0 (0) 21.39 (13.3) 14.18 (6.0) 84.5
2000 0 (0) 13.44 (5.4) 0 (0) 42.82 (46.2) 81.5
2001 27.35 (21.1) 25.33 (18.3) 28.73 (23.1) 48.33 (55.8) 87.8
Because the percentage data were transformed for the regression analyses, untransformed percentages are given in parentheses for the
reader's benefit. Chilling Portions (CPs) are included for the benefit of the reader. CPs presented for each floral response year were
calculated using temperature data of the previous winter
表8：种植3年、4年和5年后产生伞状花序的植株百分比
实验林址        花应答年份              实生植株                                      嫁接植株                4月1日至9月30日
                                        0.00g多效唑    0.25g多效唑      0.00g多效唑    0.25g多效唑        Chilling
                                        / cm b.s.c.          /cm b.s.c.          / cm b.s.c.          / cm b.s.c.    Portions (CP_1)
Gowan Brae    1999      0 (0)                    0 (0)                    8.53 (2.2)          11.97 (4.3)          48.6
                          2000    0 (0)                    22.87 (15.1)      10.47 (3.3)        17.05 (8.6)          42.8
                          2001    16.32 (7.9)        32.96 (29.6)        19.46 (11.1)    30.98 (26.5)        59.3
Mossbank        1999    0 (0)                    0 (0)                    8.53 (2.2)          11.39 (3.9)          60.5
                          2000    0 (0)                    16.64 (8.2)          0 (0)                  21.39 (13.3)        55.3
                          2001    8.33 (2.1)          32.52 (28.9)      15.89 (7.5)        56.17 (69.0)        80.0
Blyfstaan-hoogte 1999  0 (0)                  0 (0)                  17.85 (9.4)        26.85 (20.4)        72.0
                          2000    30.00 (25.0)      30.07 (25.1)      47.87 (55.0)      49.31 (57.5)        96.5
                          2001    44.83 (49.7)      43.97 (48.2)      53.37 (64.4)      61.41 (77.1)      100.9
Tentkop          1999        0 (0)                    0 (0)                  21.39 (13.3)      14.18 (6.0)        84.5
                        2000      0 (0)                  13.44 (5.4)          0 (0)                  42.82 (46.2)      81.5
                        2001      27.35 (21.1)      25.33 (18.3)      28.73 (23.1)      48.33 (55.8)        87.8
这些百分比数据通过回归分析进行了转换，考虑到读者需要，圆括号内给出了未经转换的数据。出于同一原因，Chilling Portions (CPs)数据也给出了。每一个花应答年份的CPs计算使用上年温度数据。

Table 9: Wald-statistics and calculated F-test values for fixed effects in the across-site analysis of variance for CROP_2001
Fixed term Wald-statistic df Fcalc
SITE 81.4 3 27.13***
FAMILY 19.7 3 6.57**
PBZ 87.9 1 87.9
PROPAGULE 47.6 1 47.6
SITE x FAMILY 21.0 9 2.33
SITE x PBZ 11.6 3 3.87
FAMILY x PBZ 2.0 3 0.66
SITE x PROPAGULE 25.6 3 8.53***
FAMILY x PROPAGULE 59.6 3 19.87***
PBZ x PROPAGULE 12.4 1 12.4***
SITE x FAMILY x PBZ 13.7 9 1.52
SITE x FAMILY x PROPAGULE 31.9 9 3.54
SITE x PBZ x PROPAGULE 24.0 3 8.0***
FAMILY x PBZ x PROPAGULE 16.8 3 5.6**
SITE x FAMILY x PBZ x PROPAGULE 13.1 9 1.46
** significant at P < 0.05
*** significant at P < 0.01

Table 9: CROP_2001变化全址分析中固定的影响Wald-统计数字与F-实验计算值
固定项                                                  Wald-统计数字    df      F-实验计算值
林址                                                      81.4                      3        27.13***
家系                                                      19.7                      3        6.57**
施用多效唑                                          87.9                      1        87.9
繁殖体                                                  47.6                      1        47.6
林址x家系                                            21.0                      9        2.33
林址x施用多效唑                                11.6                      3        3.87
家系x施用多效唑                                  2.0                      3        0.66
林址x繁殖体                                        25.6                      3        8.53***
家系x繁殖体                                        59.6                      3        19.87***
施用多效唑x繁殖体                            12.4                      1        12.4***
林址x家系x施用多效唑                      13.7                      9        1.52
林址x家系x繁殖体                              31.9                      9        3.54
林址x施用多效唑x繁殖体                  24.0                      3        8.0***
家系x施用多效唑x繁殖体                  16.8                      3        5.6**
林址x家系x施用多效唑x繁殖体          13.1                    9        1.46
** P < 0.05时显著的值
*** P < 0.01时显著的值

楼主，你的翻译功底，不错，谢谢！

楼上过奖了。才把“因变量”改过来了。这可不是林业科学的专业术语。

Relationship between winter chilling and floral bud production
2）冬季低温与花芽萌发的关系
Of the three chill models evaluated, the Dynamic Model gave the best results. For example, if the pairs of R² values in the regressions for TREES_2001 and CROP_2001 were averaged according to parent chill model, then the highest R² value (0.714) was achieved by the Dynamic Model in the regression pertaining to CROP_2001 and grafts (Gardner 2003). It is well known that the Dynamic Model is equally accurate in areas with either mild or severe winters (Linsley- Noakes and Allan 1994, Allan et al. 1995). Chilling Portions accumulated during April in all years and at all sites (Table 5). Therefore, it was concluded that the chill model x chill period combination ‘CP-1’ (Dynamic Model, April to September temperature data) represented ‘CHILL’ best, and thus only these data are further discussed in this paper.
三种接受评估的模型中，Dynamic模型的结果最佳。例如，如果要根据亲本低温模型来就TREES_2001和CROP_2001回归中成对的R²值取平均值，那么最高的R²值(0.714)就是在与CROP_2001和grafts相关的回归中由Dynamic模型得到 (Gardner 2003)。众所周知，无论所处的地方是暖冬还是寒冬，Dynamic模型有着同等的准确性(Linsley- Noakes and Allan 1994, Allan et al. 1995)。所有林址在每年的4月份都进行低温累积（见表5）。因此，得出结论，低温模型x低温时期的组合“CP-1”（ Dynamic模型，4月至9月温度数据）可作为“CHILL”的最佳代表，据此，本文仅对这些数据进行进一步讨论。
For both propagule types tested, the regressions for both TREES_2001 and CROP_2001 on CHILL and PBZ were highly significant (P < 0.01) (Table 10), with both the partial co-efficients of CHILL and PBZ accounting for significant and similar portions of the variability. The total variation for floral bud production in the E. nitens trees assessed, as explained by a linear function involving accumulated winter chilling (CHILL) and paclobutrazol application (PBZ), ranged between 53 and 59% for the seedlings (R² values 0.530 and 0.593, respectively) and between 70 and 71% for the grafts (R² values 0.696 and 0.712, respectively) (Table 10).
繁殖体两种类型都进行了实验，针对CHILL和PBZ的TREES_2001和CROP_2001回归分析结果都非常显著(P < 0.01)（见表10），分项系数CHILL和PBZ都占了变异性的显著成份且两者旗鼓相当。涉及了冬季低温(CHILL)和施用多效唑(PBZ)的线性函数表明了对亮果桉花芽萌发全部变异作出评估，范围是实生植株的53%到59%（R²值分别为0.530 和0.593）以及嫁接植株的70%到71%（R²值分别为0.696和0.712）（见表10）。

High levels of accumulated winter chill (96 Chilling Portions (CPs)) (CP-1) stimulated high percentages of trees to produce umbels (Table 8). This was particularly evident at the coldest site, Blyfstaanhoogte, in 2000 and 2001 when trees were four and five years old, respectively. In these years, 96.5 and 100.9 CPs preceded substantial percentages of trees producing umbels (25 to 50% of the seedlings and 55 to 64% of the grafts), regardless of the application of paclobutrazol. Similarly, at Tentkop, the second coldest site, in 1999 when trees were only three years old, 84.5 CPs preceded a higher percentage of untreated grafts producing umbels (13.3%) than paclobutrazol-treated grafts (6.0%) (Table 8). One year later at the same site, a slightly lower accumulated winter chill amount of 81.5 CPs preceded a zero floral response in untreated grafts whereas 46.2% of paclobutrazol-treated trees produced umbels. Generally, at low to moderate levels of winter chill (> 42 < 82 CPs), paclobutrazol-treated trees recorded markedly higher percentages of trees producing umbels than nonpaclobutrazol treated trees (Table 8).
高水平的冬季低温累积（96 Chilling Portions (CPs)）(CP-1)促使高百分比的植株产生伞状花序（见表8）。2000年和2001年在最寒冷的Blyfstaanhoogte林址，植株分别是4年和5年树龄的时候则尤为明显。在这两年里，不把施用多效唑考虑在内，96.5 CPs和100.9 CPs带出了大百分比的植株产生花序（实生植株25%~50%，嫁接植株55%~64%）。相近地，1999年在第二寒冷的Tentkop林址，当植株仅三年树龄，84.5 CPs带出的未经处理而产生花序的嫁接植株百分比 (13.3%)比用多效唑处理过的 (6.0%)高（见表8）。一年后在同一个林址，冬季累积低温总量稍微降低，81.5 CPs使得未经处理的嫁接植株花应答为0，而经多效唑处理过的嫁接植株有46.2%产生花序。总的来说，在低到中等的冬季低温水平(> 42 < 82 CPs)之下，经过多效唑处理产生花序的植株百分比大大高于未经处理的植株（见表8）。
Table 10: Summary of the results of the multiple linear regression analyses for floral bud production at five years (TREES_2001 and CROP_2001) on accumulated winter chilling (CHILL§) and paclobutrazol treatment (PBZ) TREES_2001 CROP_2001
Seedlings Grafts Seedlings Grafts
df ms ms df ms ms
Regression 2 2295.4*** 7051.9*** 2 0.11062*** 0.49862***
Residual 21 129.1 258.3 13 0.01168 0.02550
Total 23 317.5 849 15 0.02487 0.08859
R² 0.593 0.696 0.530 0.712
SED 11.4 16.1 0.108 0.160
Estimate of parameters
Constant –55.3 –108.6 –0.520 –1.098
CHILL 0.658 1.261 0.00546 0.01111
PBZ 19.26 30.07 0.1678 0.3702
Parameter t-values 21 13
Constant –3.79** –5.26*** –3.06*** –4.37***
CHILL 4.28*** 5.80*** 3.05*** 4.20***
PBZ 4.15*** 4.58*** 3.11*** 4.64***
§ chill units calculated for April to September using the Dynamic Model (Erez et al. 1990) (chill model x chill period combination “CP-1”)
** significant at P < 0.05; ***, significant at P < 0.01
表10: 对冬季累积低温(CHILL§)和多效唑处理(PBZ) 作五年(TREES_2001 和 CROP_2001)花芽萌发多重线性回归分析结果总结
                                          TREES_2001                                                CROP_2001
                                          实生植株            嫁接植株                              实生植株            嫁接植株
                        df                  ms                          ms                  df                ms                        ms
回归                2          2295.4***              7051.9***                2              0.11062***          0.49862***
残差              21            129.1                          258.3            13            0.01168                0.02550
总值              23            317.5                          849                15            0.02487                0.08859
R²                                  0.593                          0.696                                0.530                      0.712
SED                              11.4                              16.1                                  0.108                      0.160
参数的估算     
恒量                              –55.3                      –108.6                              –0.520                –1.098
CHILL                            0.658                          1.261                                0.00546                  0.01111
PBZ                                19.26                          30.07                                0.1678                  0.3702
参数T-值        21                                                                        13
恒量                            –3.79**                      –5.26***                          –3.06***              –4.37***
CHILL                          4.28***                        5.80***                                3.05***                  4.20***
PBZ                            4.15***                          4.58***                                3.11***                  4.64***
§4月至9月使用Dynamic模型计算的低温当量 (Erez et al. 1990) (低温模型x 低温时期组合 “CP-1”)
**， P < 0.05时显著的值； ***， P < 0.01时显著的值

Discussion
四 讨论
By investigating the relationship between accumulated winter chilling and floral bud production our research has demonstrated four important points (described below).
通过对冬季累积低温和花芽萌发之间的关系进行研究，我们这个科研项目得到四点重要结论如下：
Firstly, it is possible to calculate the potential cold (winter chilling) requirement of E. nitens by using the Utah Model, the Dynamic Model or the Daily Positive Utah Chill Unit Model. However, the Dynamic Model performed best under the range of conditions tested. Secondly, flower induction does not seem to result from a single chill event, but from a cumulative process. Thirdly, by using the Dynamic Model, floral bud production in E. nitens grafts, on the basis of chill accumulation and paclobutrazol application, can be predicted with a fairly high degree of accuracy. Fourthly, the amount of chilling necessary for uniform flowering in E. nitens ranges between 85 to 101 CPs.
第一，使用Utah 模型、Dynamic 模型或者Daily Positive Utah Chill Unit 模型来计算潜在需冷量（冬季低温）是可行的。然而，在试验条件下，Dynamic 模型表现最好。第二，成花并非单个低温事件的结果，而是来自一个累积过程。第三，使用Dynamic 模型，且在低温累积和施用多效唑的基础上，我们能以很高精确度来对亮果桉嫁接植株的花芽萌发进行预计。第四，亮果桉均匀开花的需冷量总量在85 CPs与101 CPs之间。
This chilling requirement is relatively high compared to that for promotion of bud- break in the range of popular deciduous fruit types. The range for the latter runs from about 12 CPs for low-chill peaches to about for high-chill apples and sweet cherries (Erez 2000). Although chilling portions necessary for floral induction in olive (Olea europea L.), a temperate broadleaf evergreen tree crop, have not been calculated, Hackett and Hartmann (1963) calculated that approximately 18h50 below 7.2°C were required, with a slight variation depending on olive cultivar.
对比常见落叶果树，亮果桉的这个需冷量是相当高的。前者诱发萌芽的需冷量幅度是从低需冷量水蜜桃的约12 CPs到高需冷量苹果和甜樱桃的约70 CPs(Erez 2000)。橄榄(Olea europea L.)是一种温带阔叶常绿乔木作物，尽管它成花诱导所需的冷量份尚未经过计算，大概18h50 低于7.2°C是Hackett and Hartmann (1963)算出的结果，且根据橄榄的品种不同有轻微变化。
Planting a trial at an even ‘colder’ (based on chill unit accumulation) location than Blyfstaanhoogte, – the ‘coldest’ site used in this study, – as well as comparing the chill accumulation data of this site with data from sites where E. nitens flowers regularly, might result in a more accurate determination of the chilling requirement of the species. Preliminary investigations relating air temperature data for 1998 to 2000 of Chilean E. nitens seed orchards to subsequent floral bud production showed that the amount of winter chill accumulated at these sites between April and September ranged between 70 and 89 CPs for a ‘mild’ site, and between 100 and 104 CPs and 108 and 119 CPs for two ‘cold’ sites. Floral bud and seed production at the mild site rated ‘average to good’ and at the two cold sites ‘consistently good’ (R.A.W. Gardner, unpublished data). This coincides very well with the modelled cold requirement for E. nitens of 85 to 101 CPs.
Blyfstaanhoogte是本研究项目中最寒冷的林址，在一个甚至比它更冷（基于低温当量累积）的地方种植实验林，并且把这个实验林的低温累积数据与那些亮果桉开花有规律的林址的相应数据作比较，结果也许是这个物种更精确的需冷量数据。将1998年到2000年智利的亮果桉种子园的气温数据与由此产生的花芽萌发情况联系起来，初步研究表明，4月至9月在这些林址中，一个“温暖”林址累积的冬季低温在70 CPs和89 CPs之间，两个“寒冷”的林址，分别是100 CPs和104 CPs之间以及108 CPs和119 CPs之间。温暖林址产生的花芽和种子等级为“一般到好”，两个寒冷林址的是“一贯的好” (R.A.W. Gardner, 未见报数据)。这样的情况与亮果桉85 CPs到101 CPs的模拟需冷量不谋而合。